Unravelling sociomaterial complexities in river connectivity restoration: Understanding fishways as heterogeneous networks
Panos Panagiotopoulos
Aquaculture biology and Fisheries ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; panos.panagiotopoulos@wur.nl
Anthonie D. Buijse
Aquaculture biology and Fisheries ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; and Department of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Wageningen, the Netherlands; tom.buijse@deltares.nl
Luc Roozendaal
Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; lucroozendaal@hotmail.com
Hendrik V. Winter
Aquaculture biology and Fisheries ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; and Wageningen Marine Research, Ijmuiden, the Netherlands; erwin.winter@wur.nl
Leopold A.J. Nagelkerke
Aquaculture biology and Fisheries ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; leo.nagelkerke@wur.nl
Annet P. Pauwelussen
Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; annet.pauwelussen@wur.nl
ABSTRACT: In the context of river connectivity restoration, fishways play a crucial role in facilitating the migration of fish past barriers, but their form and functionality are often determined by various sociomaterial complexities. This study uses the case of fishway development in the Waterschap Brabantse Delta management area of the Netherlands to explore such complexities. Taking a network approach, we investigated the implementation and management of fishways as a process of assembling heterogeneous networks that involve both human and non-human actors. Using data from interviews, field observations and document analysis, the research revealed fishways to be networks of actors that included fish, engineers and maintenance personnel. We further demonstrate that fishways are embedded as actors, or 'nodes', within broader networks that exert a reciprocal influence on their functioning. By following fishways across different phases of their development trajectory and tracing the participation or withdrawal of actors, we explore changes in the networks and their subsequent impact on fishway design and performance.
KEYWORDS: Fish migration, fishways, river restoration, sociomaterial networks, the Netherlands